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Most human beings are not different from dogs in this respect.

“Even dogs and cats understand that classical mechanics is governed by a second-order differential equation, so they rarely fail to eat or are rarely eaten. Of course, to express

consciously what one knows (or what is embodied) is difficult, so there is no differential equation in the dog’s brain. However, most human beings are not different from dogs in this respect.”

 Some people might be shocked by the above paragraph, interpreting that the author equates those who do not understand elementary mathematics with dogs and cats. As the reader can see from footnote 93 of Chapter 5  Equality of capabilities  the author really respects the intelligence of dogs and cats, so even under this interpretation, there is no pejorative connotation at all. 

 The author respect his fellow organisms (at least mammals) ethically as well:

How human rats are

Schneeberger K, Dietz M, Taborsky M 

Reciprocal cooperation between unrelated rats depends on cost to donor and benefit to recipient 

BMC Evol Biol  12 41 (2012)

In this paper, fourteen unrelated Norway rats were alternately presented to a cooperative or defective partner for whom they could provide food via a mechanical apparatus .  Direct costs for this task and the need of the receiver were manipulated in two separate experiments. 

 Rats provided more food to cooperative partners than to defectors (direct reciprocity). The propensity to discriminate between helpful and non-helpful social partners was contingent on costs: An experimentally increased resistance in one Newton steps to pull food for the social partner reduced the help provided to defectors more strongly than the help returned to cooperators. Furthermore, test rats provided more help to hungry receivers that were light or in poor condition, which might suggest empathy, whereas this relationship was inverse when experimental partners were satiated.