p138

Lambert and pi

J H Lambert proved that pi is irrational in 1761 according to M. Laczkovich, On Lambert's proof of the irrationality of \pi, Am. Math. Monthly  104 , 439 (1997).

‘Phenomenology’

The author wrote that Husserl’s usage of the name `phenomenology’ was based on Mach’s anti-metaphysical viewpoint, but this is probably not quite right. `Phenomenological approaches’ or methods already existed in natural science and psychology, and the purification of the approach culminated in Husserl’s phenomenology. 

 It is possible that Mach’s opponents who called his philosophy `phenomenological’ understood accurately that the contemporary phenomenological approaches were efforts to grasp direct (naked) experiences (or experiences not contaminated with metaphysics) and could never go beyond direct experience.

 Thus, Mach’s phenomenology and Husserl’s phenomenology both seem to be the products of the same Zeitgeist.