p265 

As to the own concepts/tools (2) of ‘the theory of biological systems.’ 

Here, Darwinism is mentioned, but notice that it does not guarantee the production of organisms. That is why FC is more fundamental for biology than Darwinism. 

Giardia 5SrRNA

Feng J-M, Sun J, Xin D-D, Wen J-F (2012) Comparative Analysis of the 5S rRNA and Its Associated Proteins Reveals Unique Primitive Rather Than Parasitic Features in Giardia lamblia. PO 7 e36878 (2012).

Giardia harbors simplified 5S rRNA system, which is not only much simpler than that of common eukaryotes but also the simplest one among those of these excavates, and is surprisingly very similar to that of archaea. Among excavates the system in parasitic species is not necessarily simpler than that in free-living species, conversely, the system of

free-living species is even simpler in some respects than those of parasitic ones.

YO Comment: thus this simple feature is like to be due to LGT, although the authors suggest that G. lamblia might be a primitive eukaryote with secondary parasitically-degenerated features. HOwever, the authors suggest more features common to both Giardia and Archaea.

 The presence of C34 and C82 in all the investigated excavates (except T. cruzi, which lacked C82, probably due to secondary loss), while C31 was absent from all of them.

These mean that C34 might have been inherited from archaea and emerged very early in the evolution of eukaryotes, while C31 arose at least after the divergence of excavate from the eukaryotic trunk. Lacking C31, the RNA pol III of excavate might carry out the specific initiation of RNA pol III transcription using only C34 and C82. This is similar to the initiation of non-coding RNA transcription only with C34 in archaea. However, the parasitic

excavates T. vaginalis and T. cruzi also have another more specific subunit that is absent from G. lamblia, C53. Therefore, the similarity of G. lamblia RNA pol III to those of archaea also seem not to be due to parasitic degeneration but to be the very primitive

traits of this organism.

 On one hand, some of its features, such as the separated location of the 5S rRNA genes and the transcription of 5S rRNA genes by RNA pol III, are consistent with that seen in common eukaryotes. On the other hand, many other traits, such as the lack of a tandem 5S rRNA gene region, the low gene copy number, the relatively simple transcription system (lacking the participation of TFIIIA, TFIIIB, and TFIIIC but inclusion of TBP, BRF, the RNA pol III with only two specific subunits, C34 and C82), and the TFIIIA-independent but L5-dependent 5S rRNA transport and incorporation system, are much simpler than those of most eukaryotes and very similar to those of archaea.