p275
「美きことのなるは久しきにあり」
I-488 美きことの成るは久きに在り。 (美成在久。) [荘子内篇「人間世」]
熱帯雨林のような複雑な系には歴史が肝要である．Amazoniaについての最近のレビュー参照
Biodiversity patterns of Amazonia are rooted deep in the pre-Quaternary.
0 Hoorn et al., Amazonia Through Time: Andean Uplift, Climate Change, Landscape Evolution, and Biodiversity
Science 330 927 (2010)
The Andes uplift and its effect on regional climate fundamentally changed the Amazonian
landscape by reconfiguring drainage patterns and creating a vast influx of sediments into the
basin. On this “Andean” substrate, a region-wide edaphic mosaic developed that became extremely rich in species, particularly in Western Amazonia. We show that Andean uplift was crucial for the evolution of Amazonian landscapes and ecosystems, and that current biodiversity patterns are rooted deep in the pre-Quaternary.
市民社会の成熟の程度
Antisocial punishment and democracy
Herrmann et al., Antisocial Punishment Across Societies
Science 319 1362 cf 1345 (2008)
*Antisocial punishment = the sanctioning of people who behave prosocially.
*Public goods experiments with punishment: what can happen = punished antisocial participants punish high contributors (good people) suspecting they are the punishers.
*Weak norms of civic cooperation and the weakness of the rule of law in a country are significant predictors of antisocial punishment.
*It seems those countries not experiencing Renaissance has antisocial punishment.
*For this article p1345 is better than the abstract of the paper.